Fiber is defined as: plant polysaccharides and lignin which are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes of man
** however, this doesn’t take into account all the indigestible stuff that makes it way to our colons !!! ick!
Dietary Fiber is intact and intrinsic in plants vs. Functional Fiber which is isolated, extracted or manufactured shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
Cellulose:
- homopolymer of glucose, 1-4 bond (Beta)
- in plant cell walls
- poorly fermentable
- insoluble
B Glucan
- Water Soluble
- Homopolymers of glucose
- 1-4 and 1-3 bonds
- Helps decrease cholesterol by grabbing it at the 1-4 bonds
Lignin:
- 3-D, Highly Branched polymer of phenol units
- Forms toughest part of plants…i.e seeds of strawberries,
- Stays longer on the vine-à More ligninà harder to chew
- Baby Carrotsà Less Lignin
Pectin
- Intercellular cement ( thick, gooey)
- Forms primary plant cell wall
- Hold onto water, Highly Fermentible
-Guar gum, Xantham gum, gum Arabic, Carageenan, Agar, karaya, hatti
-ex. Sweetheart Candies (vegetable gums) and Jello Puddin Pops ( xantham , guar, agar, and carageenan)
Soluble Fiber mixes well in water
Viscosity is the fluid thickness/ capacity to form gels
Fermentability is the capacity to be broken down by bacteria
Insoluble, Non Viscous, Non Fermentable Include:
Cellulose
Soluble, Viscous, Fermentable Includes:
Mucilages, Gums, Pectins